Free Personal Firewall: The Door To Your Computer

What is Firewall

Firewall is either a software or hardware gate to the computer or computer network. So it is very easy to compare the Firewall to the gate that limits access to the personal property in terms of estate: house, garage and any other building within the area that is your personal property. To be more precise, the Firewall is like a gate and its guard in one: it restricts the access to the computer or computer network by examining the incoming and outgoing data traffic from other network which, on most cases, is the Internet. In order to be capable of doing what it is supposed to do, Firewall needs to have rules set. For both, Windows and Linux Firewalls, you would have some basic rules set by default.
Now, on the network there may be peripheral devices that can be accessed from trusted computers on the network, and this is where we are figuratively talking a property that consists of few different buildings. The topic of this post however is not the Network Firewall where it usually works together with Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention System to keep the network of computers as safe and protected as possible. Such a topic doesn't apply to basic Computer Security essentials, and is a discipline of IT Professionals. We will take a look at free Personal Firewall, and some tests that can be run to ensure that your personal computer meets good security standards.

How Does Firewall Work?

Digital Communication

Every Computer Network, including the biggest one in The World, The mighty Internet, is essentially a network of communications. Nothing more than that... and nothing less. Computers communicate with each other by sending and receiving data packets. That is their way of communicating. Today's world basically has a parallel, digital dimension that consists of the traffic of millions of data packets. In order for computers to understand each other, there are various Communication protocols in place. This is the reason why you would need, for example, a Skype application instead of MSN Messenger installed and running on a Windows machine in order to communicate with someone who is using Skype on their computer. So where does Firewall come into play?

Data Packet

In this post I refer to the unit that is sent from one computer to another as the 'data packet'. It contains essential communication information such as destination IP address, communication protocol in use and few other things. One of the main Firewall's tasks is to analyze contents of these data packets: whether the right protocol is being used for a specific communication port, whether the IP address, the packet is supposed to be received by, has actually anything to share with the sender of that packet, and what type of software application is involved in exchange of these data packets. For years this has been a point where basically the common things between Firewall software of Windows OS and that of Linux OS's end. While Linux has got Firewalls based on IP Table filtering, Windows OS has had different requirements regarding its security because of the differences in how each of these Operating Systems have been designed and developed.

Further in this post we will deal exclusively with Windows Security by taking a look at typical Firewall features on Windows machine. The product I have chosen as an example is Online Armor by Emsisoft. Not only it's an outstanding paid solution for those who would like to take full advantage of its additional security features, it's also one of the best free Win Firewalls out there.

Online Armor: Free Cutting Edge Firewall

This Firewall software does not lack a single thing any other free Firewall worth its name would be able to provide. Besides, Emsisoft have been working hard for years to provide Windows computer users and administrators with additional free and effective computer security tools, and the fact that one of them, Anti-Malware, the name that speaks for itself, is among the means of keeping your Windows machine protected, adds to the strength of Online Armor's effectiveness.

Firewall. The section where you manage communication ports on your Win computer, and networks your computer gets connected to. You can easily allow or block access rights for programs to access the Internet here. You can see all the associated program files that have the right for Internet access: protocols and ports they use.
Domains. This section is very much like a Windows Hosts file that allows you to list domains that you'd rather not want to be connected to. Editing the actual Hosts file is not a recommended practice for someone who's not an advanced computer user therefore the opportunity to simply save an unwanted domain name here makes things very convenient and simple.
Programs. Allow, Block or Run Safer any installed program on your computer. The Firewall is also able to detect Hidden running processes on your computer. For a full list of Program Options please see the Screenshot:

Autoruns. The list of all the System and Program Files that are allowed to start automatically (like scheduled Java Update, for instance). Block or Delete them easily here.
Anti-Keylogger. Online Armor automatically detects files and programs that might have keystroke recording capability (your usernames, password, web addresses, email addresses, phone numbers given to others, bank security details?). Those programs and files, if any, will be listed here.
Hosts File. Monitors and keeps a record of the changes made to the Windows Hosts File, if any.
History. List of alerts made by Online Armor, and the response action taken by you.
Options. Firewall Software general configuration settings.

Why Firewall is mandatory for every PC regardless of Operating System?

There is no Data and Computer Security expert who wouldn't advise on having a Firewall installed on your computer unless they would want you to see what happens in about week's time after you've been connecting to the Internet without a Firewall on your machine. The list of Online Armor features provided earlier basically contains answers to the question: why would I need a Firewall on my computer? After all, Firewall is just another software application using my computer's resources, and asks annoying and repetitive questions every time I install new software on my computer. Well, just as it is in the real world, there are people in the Digital one who wouldn't want to miss the opportunity to take advantage of someone else. For whatever reasons. And then there are people who just love challenges and games, and for them hacking techniques might be simply an interesting game. Regardless of anyone's personal motives, here are few ways modern Personal Firewall makes life more difficult for online criminals:

• It reduces to a minimum the possibility for malicious software to be installed and run without your consent;
• It doesn't allow scanning for available communication ports on your computer;
• It reduces unwanted connections to a minimum.

So we can certainly say that Firewall is a tool that lets you be in control. However, it's not a guarantee for your machine to be invincible. Why? Read more in my other post about how computers get infected.

Test your computer's visibility from hacker's view online

There are quite a few excellent options for testing your computer's Firewall, visibility, state of your ISP's DNS and your computer's communication ports, all to be found at Gibson Research Corporation Website. Look for Services / Shields Up! if you want to see if matters related to your network connections are in Stealth Mode (i.e. in a good condition). Look for some other no less brilliant free things on their website including secure password generators and DNS spoofability Test.

Rogues and the dark side of online money making

Scareware

Have you got the anti-virus software that shows you a list of threats and won't go away until you buy a registration for it? Does it look more like a virus than legitimate anti-virus? If that sounds about right then you most likely are dealing with rogue anti-malware threat. The following video by rynesandbergfan23 shows a demonstration of what the rogue anti-malware (or anti-virus for that matter) is and what it's capable of. The example of rogue anti-malware used in the video is called XP Anti Spyware. The attempt to get rid of the rogue software is made by the help of Malwarebytes Anti-Malware which, on this occasion, proves to be unsuccessful:

Here are some names of rogue security software: Antivirus PC 2009, PCSuperCharger, DrAntispy, AntiMalware Pro, AntiSpywareMaster. (Extensive list of names can be seen here.) Some common patterns can be singled out:

• there is no name of the developer / publisher mentioned;
• the software name includes 'super', 'pro', 'master' and probably other hyperbolic terms.

Method of removal

Rogue software should be treated as malware therefore its removal is carried out by using anti-malware software provided by genuine and established publisher. For suggested free malware and rogue software removal tools click here. I'd suggest to follow the computer cleaning method outlined by me here. All the more because the method suggested can be used without the computer being connected to the Internet.

If you want to report a website hosting malware/scareware/spyware

Help to make the Internet a better place and report malicious URLs by going to Badwarebusters.org. Thank you.

The dark side of cyber business

More information on what part of the Internet the rogue anti-virus software (scareware) belongs to, you can find in the extensive summary by Dmitry Samosseiko, a data security researcher at data protection company SophosLabs Canada. The aforementioned research deals with the dark side of the Internet:

• spam and other online promotional tactics that are more or less of criminal nature;
• adult and casino sites of obscure origin;
• scareware;
• fake pharmacy products;
• Black Hat SEO.

While the article is supposed to be about the online affiliate programs known as Partnerka in Russia, it is informative enough for everyone in terms of awareness of what to look out for while browsing the Internet, clicking on advertising links, dealing with email and registering at websites, so that one can avoid of becoming a victim to malicious tactics used by cyber criminals. The file can be viewed and downloaded by clicking here.
The author of this blog strongly recommends against both: abuse of information and participation in criminal activities.

Download and test these products for free for 30 days:

Internet Security Pack: AntiVirus+Firewall

Online Armor Premium Firewall

Free anti malware tools from Emsisoft

There is a variety of malicious software removal tools available from Emsisoft for both, regular and advanced users.

Emsisoft Anti-Malware

For regular users the Anti-Malware software would be most suitable. It is available for download as a full free trial version for 30 days. After that time period in case the license is not renewed it switches to freeware version. Here is the list of features available in full version of Emsisoft Anti-Malware 6.0:

• File Guard that works as a real-time shield and compares every file downloaded to known malware patterns;
• dual scan engine consisting of: E1/A2 Emsisoft Anti-Malware engine, and E2/IK Ikarus Anti-Virus engine: a combination that works as 2 in 1. Available also in freeware mode.
• Behaviour Blocker: constantly monitors the behavior of all active programs and raises an alarm as soon as something suspicious happens. Works without the need for malware signatures as it is designed to be a part of so called zero-day protection capable of recognizing malicious actions performed by hijackers, trojans, keyloggers, spyware, adware, viruses, rootkits and worms by detecting their malicious behaviour in system;
• Updates can be set to be downloaded as often as 5 times a day;
• HiJack Free, an integrated system analysis tool designed for professionals to monitor autorun and running processes, services, port configuration, installed ActiveX objects (can be submitted for online analysis), LS Protocols. Advanced user's feature, available also in freeware mode;
• Commandline scanner. Also an advanced user's feature. A scanner without GUI.

If you want to perform just a quick check on your system, there are two available options that allow you to do just that: Web Malware scanner and MalAware, cloud and signature based light-weight freeware online scanner. Click here and proceed to Freeware section to perform a quick scan on your machine.

Emsisoft Emergency Kit is also available from the Freeware section at publisher's website. It is a very convenient tool to be kept on your USB stick in case your system fails to load the OS because of a virus or other malware. This is really more of an advanced user / admin type of software as it contains Commandline scanner which is supposed to be run from the command prompt; a HiJackFree tool (see the description for Anti-Malware above); and BlitzBlank, a tool that requires more advanced knowledge of Windows Operating System as it lets you delete malicious objects at boot time by using scripts. It is useful for removing locked files, destroying Windows Registry entries, disabling Windows drivers.

Download and test these products for free for 30 days:

Internet Security Pack: AntiVirus+Firewall

Online Armor Premium Firewall

Bot, Spybot and free malware removal

What are bots and Botnets?

By definition bot is a software application running automated tasks over the Internet like, for example, those best friends of SEO specialists: Google and Bing robot spiders/crawlers that index webpages. We however will be talking the removing of those bots that by About.com's definition are

type of malware which allows an attacker to gain complete control over the affected computer. Computers that are infected with a 'bot' are generally referred to as 'zombies'.

Description of botnets by Securelist.com website pretty much sums up the answer to questions like, what is a purpose of developing botnets and why would anyone want to create trojan bots:

Special Trojans – ‘bots’ (from “robot”) are created for this kind of networks, centrally managed by the remote “master”. The Trojan intrudes into thousands, tens of thousands or even millions of computers. This enables the master of the “zombie network” (or “bot-network”) to access resources of all infected computers and use them to own benefits. Sometimes such networks of “zombie-machines” come into the black Internet-market where they are acquired by spammers or rented.

The following video by rynesandbergfan23 explains what malicious bots are capable of, what to look out for and how to secure your machine so that its chances of getting infected are greatly reduced. (Note: if you haven't got a software to monitor your network connections similar to one shown in the video, you can use Command Prompt (Start-->Run-->cmd) instead. For the list of network connections and associated software applications maintaining them, type netstat -b in the Command Prompt and hit Enter):

Spybot

Last year my machine, despite the full ZoneAlarm's protection it had, got infected with what was known as Google Redirector malware. That's how I got familiar with a freeware called Spybot S&D (or Spybot Search&Destroy), a software project that financially depends on PayPal donations. This freeware is able to identify more than 820,000 pests (including Win32/Zbot (also known as ZeuS), SpyEye and TDSS trojans) by basically doing what it calls a bot-check. The following video will show you what features Spybot has got as well as how to scan and clean your machine:

Now, from my experience, Spybot is very useful to get rid of spyware, adware and all kinds of sneaky pests but it cannot serve as a replacement for an anti-virus software. Handling of malicious Windows Registry entries is one thing Spybot is really good at. The picture that follows is a screenshot of Spybot's scan results:

If you click on it and take a closer look, you can see that (apart from 2 DoubleClick tracking cookies) there are only 3 objects expanded that are not Registry entries.

Malware and spyware removal method

Let's get back to the video at this point. The author of the video comes up with what I see as a generally good idea as to how a Windows machine has to be cleaned: if one malware detection software comes up with detected objects after the scan, it is recommended that after deleting those objects, a system scan is run again, this time by using the same type of software by different vendor. In the video the free Malwarebytes Anti-Malware (appears to be most trusted free malware detector for Windows environment) scanner is used to compare scan results however, unlike that of the video author, our point here is not to demonstrate a comparison because no software is absolutely perfect. The point is using what Hitman Pro (also used in the video) developers call a 'second opinion'. Now, lets see what I've got after following this sequence: free Emsisoft Anti-Malware (Scan settings: Scan type: Deep Scan Objects: Rootkits, Memory, Traces, C:\ Scan archives: On ADS Scan: On) -->Spybot scan --> free Malwarebytes Anti-Malware (Deep Scan) --> Hitman Pro (Default scan):

• Emsisoft Anti-Malware detects 387 objects each related to one of the following: mywebsearch toolbar, zwinky toolbar, funwebproducts, Trojan.Win32.AddUser and Trojan-Downloader.Agent.  (No screenshot provided because of the amount of objects found yet the scan Report can be viewed by clicking here.)
• Spybot detects some MyWebSearch and FunWebProducts Windows Registry entries as seen in the screenshot above (the scan takes up to several hours)
• Malwarebytes Anti-malware still detects some MyWebSearch entries in Windows Registry and a Start Menu Hijack:

• Hitman Pro detects one remnant of malware in Windows Registry:

• Now the machine can be considered free of both, malware and spyware. Remember, before you start cleaning your machine, make sure you have:
• downloaded all the latest updates for the software you are going to use. If this doesn't work, the best thing to do is to obtain anti-malware software installation using other computer. Spybot for instance can be installed and run without the connection to Internet: latest updates is an optional step during the installation;
• disconnected the machine from the network either by removing cable or disabling/removing your wireless adapter. This is actually the first thing you want to do if you suspect your computer has been infected and you seem to have no control over running processes.

But speaking of Google Redirector... The only free tool that got rid of it was HitMan Pro (Google redirection infection is known as TDL3/TDL4 rootkit).  Mind you, that was back in May 2011, and as we know, things constantly change.

Internet Security Pack: AntiVirus+Firewall

Online Armor Premium Firewall

Free anti spyware tools by Trend Micro

• HouseCall. A free Web-based tool designed to scan your PC for a wide range of Internet security threats including viruses, worms, Trojans, and spyware. You can download HouseCall directly from the TrendMicro's website, download takes a short time as the file is not too big, just double-click the file after it has finished downloading and there you go. 
• RUBotted. Real-time monitoring of your network (Internet) connection for potential infection and suspicious activities associated with bots. During its installation RUBotted installs additional third-party freeware called WinPcap for capturing the incoming/outgoing data packets. Upon discovering a potential infection, RUBotted will identify and clean them with HouseCall. So if you are concerned about someone from the outside using and abusing your machine, TrendMicro's RUBotted is the way to go. 
• Trend Smart Surfing. Designed for iPhone and iPod touch devices. It is the first secure browser to protect you from Web pages with malicious intent. If you attempt to access a bad or malicious URL, Smart Surfing is designed to block access to the URL and a notification will appear in the browser. 
• Trend Micro HijackThis is a free utility that generates an in-depth report of registry and file settings from your computer. HijackThis makes no separation between safe and unsafe settings in its scan results giving you the ability to selectively remove items from your machine. In addition to this scan and remove capability HijackThis comes with several tools useful in manually removing malware from a computer. This is a very handy tool if you are an administrator/advanced user and know what you are doing. By using HijackThis you can see if you still have some useless or strange browser objects, processes that are not supposed to maintain data streams and to be connected to the Internet, and so on.

Here is a YouTube video showing how to use HijackThis. Watch this before you attempt to do anything in HijackThis:

Stay safe!